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// =================================================================================================
// This file is part of the CLBlast project. The project is licensed under Apache Version 2.0. This
// project loosely follows the Google C++ styleguide and uses a tab-size of two spaces and a max-
// width of 100 characters per line.
//
// Author(s):
// Cedric Nugteren <www.cedricnugteren.nl>
//
// This file tunes the Xgemm routine at a high-level: choosing between the direct (single-kernel)
// and the in-direct (kernel plus pre/post-processing) methods.
//
// =================================================================================================
#include <exception>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <assert.h>
#include "utilities/utilities.hpp"
#include "tuning/tuning.hpp"
namespace clblast {
// =================================================================================================
template <typename T>
void RunGemmRoutine(const size_t value, const Queue& queue, const std::vector<Buffer<T>>& buffers) {
auto queue_plain = queue();
auto event = cl_event{};
auto status = Gemm(Layout::kRowMajor, Transpose::kNo, Transpose::kNo,
value, value, value, ConstantOne<T>(),
buffers[0](), 0, value,
buffers[1](), 0, value, ConstantOne<T>(),
buffers[2](), 0, value,
&queue_plain, &event);
if (status != StatusCode::kSuccess) {
throw RuntimeError("Gemm failed with status " + ToString(status));
}
clWaitForEvents(1, &event);
clReleaseEvent(event);
}
template <typename T>
void ForceSelectIndirectFrom(const size_t minimum_size, const Device &device) {
const auto override_status = OverrideParameters(device(), "GemmRoutine", PrecisionValue<T>(),
{{"XGEMM_MIN_INDIRECT_SIZE", minimum_size}});
if (override_status != StatusCode::kSuccess) {
throw RuntimeError("OverrideParameters failed with status " + ToString(override_status));
}
}
template <typename T>
void TuneXgemm(int argc, char* argv[]) {
auto command_line_args = RetrieveCommandLineArguments(argc, argv);
auto help = std::string{"* Options given/available:\n"};
const auto platform_id = GetArgument(command_line_args, help, kArgPlatform, ConvertArgument(std::getenv("CLBLAST_PLATFORM"), size_t{0}));
const auto device_id = GetArgument(command_line_args, help, kArgDevice, ConvertArgument(std::getenv("CLBLAST_DEVICE"), size_t{0}));
const auto precision = GetArgument(command_line_args, help, kArgPrecision, Precision::kSingle);
const auto num_runs = GetArgument(command_line_args, help, kArgNumRuns, size_t{10});
fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", help.c_str());
// Values for m, n, and k
const auto from = size_t{64};
const auto to = size_t{2048};
const auto step = size_t{64};
// OpenCL initialisation
const auto platform = Platform(platform_id);
const auto device = Device(platform, device_id);
if (!PrecisionSupported<T>(device)) {
printf("* Unsupported precision, skipping this tuning run\n");
return;
}
const auto context = Context(device);
const auto queue = Queue(context, device);
// Buffers
auto buffers = std::vector<Buffer<T>>{
Buffer<T>(context, to * to),
Buffer<T>(context, to * to),
Buffer<T>(context, to * to)
};
// In-direct version
printf("\n* Testing the in-direct GEMM routine for m=n=k\n");
ForceSelectIndirectFrom<T>(0, device);
const auto indirect = TimeRoutine(from, to, step, num_runs, queue, buffers, RunGemmRoutine<T>);
// Direct version
printf("\n* Testing the direct GEMM routine for m=n=k\n");
ForceSelectIndirectFrom<T>(to * to * to + 1, device);
const auto direct = TimeRoutine(from, to, step, num_runs, queue, buffers, RunGemmRoutine<T>);
// Determining final score and best kernel selection point
assert(indirect.size() == direct.size());
printf("\n* Collecting results\n");
auto ratios = std::vector<double>(indirect.size());
for (auto i = size_t{0}; i < indirect.size(); ++i) {
ratios[i] = indirect[i].second / direct[i].second;
}
auto scores = std::vector<TuningResult>(ratios.size());
for (auto i = size_t{0}; i < scores.size(); ++i) {
auto score = 0;
for (auto j = size_t{0}; j < i; ++j) { score += (ratios[j] <= 1.0); }
for (auto j = i + 1; j < ratios.size(); ++j) { score += (ratios[j] > 1.0); }
const auto epsilon = (scores.size() - i) / 1e3; // favour later results over earlier ones
const auto relative_score = static_cast<double>(score) / static_cast<double>(scores.size() - 1);
auto tuning_results = Configuration();
tuning_results["XGEMM_MIN_INDIRECT_SIZE"] = indirect[i].first;
tuning_results["PRECISION"] = static_cast<size_t>(precision);
scores[i] = TuningResult{
"gemm_kernel_selection",
(relative_score * relative_score) * 100 + epsilon, // squared for proper default computation
tuning_results
};
}
// Displaying results
printf("| || indirect GEMM || direct GEMM || |\n");
printf("| m=n=k || ms | GFLOPS || ms | GFLOPS || score | (lowest score == best switching point)\n");
printf("x---------xx--------x----------xx--------x----------xx----------x\n");
for (auto i = size_t{0}; i < indirect.size(); ++i) {
assert(indirect[i].first == direct[i].first);
const auto value = indirect[i].first;
if (indirect[i].second != -1 && direct[i].second != -1) {
const auto gflops_indirect = (2 * value * value * value) / (indirect[i].second * 1.0e6);
const auto gflops_direct = (2 * value * value * value) / (direct[i].second * 1.0e6);
printf("| %7zu || %6.2lf | %8.1lf || %6.2lf | %8.1lf || %8.3lf |\n",
value, indirect[i].second, gflops_indirect, direct[i].second, gflops_direct, scores[i].score);
}
}
printf("x---------xx--------x----------xx--------x----------xx----------x\n");
printf("\n");
// Computes the best switching point
auto comparison = [](const TuningResult& lhs, const TuningResult& rhs) { return lhs.score < rhs.score; };
const auto best_configuration = std::min_element(scores.begin(), scores.end(), comparison);
const auto best_switching_point = best_configuration->config["XGEMM_MIN_INDIRECT_SIZE"];
const auto best_string = "XGEMM_MIN_INDIRECT_SIZE=" + ToString(best_switching_point);
// Outputs the results as JSON to disk, including some meta-data
const auto precision_string = std::to_string(static_cast<size_t>(precision));
auto metadata = std::vector<std::pair<std::string,std::string>>{
{"kernel_family", "gemm_routine"},
{"precision", precision_string},
{"arg_from", ToString(from)},
{"arg_to", ToString(to)},
{"arg_step", ToString(step)},
{"best_kernel", best_configuration->name},
{"best_time", ToString(best_configuration->score)},
{"best_parameters", best_string}
};
PrintTimingsToFileAsJSON("clblast_routine_gemm_" + precision_string + ".json",
device, platform, metadata, scores);
printf("* Completed tuning process\n");
printf("\n");
}
// =================================================================================================
} // namespace clblast
// Shortcuts to the clblast namespace
using half = clblast::half;
using float2 = clblast::float2;
using double2 = clblast::double2;
// Main function (not within the clblast namespace)
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
const auto command_line_args = clblast::RetrieveCommandLineArguments(argc, argv);
switch(clblast::GetPrecision(command_line_args)) {
case clblast::Precision::kHalf: clblast::TuneXgemm<half>(argc, argv); break;
case clblast::Precision::kSingle: clblast::TuneXgemm<float>(argc, argv); break;
case clblast::Precision::kDouble: clblast::TuneXgemm<double>(argc, argv); break;
case clblast::Precision::kComplexSingle: clblast::TuneXgemm<float2>(argc, argv); break;
case clblast::Precision::kComplexDouble: clblast::TuneXgemm<double2>(argc, argv); break;
}
return 0;
}
// =================================================================================================
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