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+/*
+ * Error_quadric.h
+ *
+ * Created on: 24 janv. 2014
+ * Author: dsalinas
+ */
+
+#ifndef ERROR_QUADRIC_H_
+#define ERROR_QUADRIC_H_
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <utility>
+#include <boost/optional/optional.hpp>
+
+
+template <typename Point> class Error_quadric{
+private :
+ double coeff[10];
+
+public :
+ Error_quadric(){
+ clear();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Quadric corresponding to the L2 distance to the plane.
+ *
+ * According to the notation of Garland Heckbert, they
+ * denote a quadric symetric matrix as :
+ * Q = [ q11 q12 q13 q14]
+ * [ q12 q22 q23 q24]
+ * [ q13 q23 q33 q34]
+ * [ q14 q24 q34 q44]
+ *
+ * which is represented by a vector with 10 elts that
+ * are denoted ci for clarity with :
+ * Q = [ c0 c1 c2 c3 ]
+ * [ c1 c4 c5 c6 ]
+ * [ c2 c5 c7 c8 ]
+ * [ c3 c6 c8 c9 ]
+ *
+ * The constructor return the quadrics that represents
+ * the squared distance to the plane defined by triangle p0,p1,p2
+ * times the area of triangle p0,p1,p2.
+ */
+ Error_quadric(const Point & p0,const Point & p1,const Point & p2){
+
+ Point normal(unit_normal(p0,p1,p2));
+ double a=normal[0];
+ double b=normal[1];
+ double c=normal[2];
+ double d= -a*p0[0]-b*p0[1]-c*p0[2];
+ coeff[0] = a*a ;
+ coeff[1] = a*b ;
+ coeff[2] = a*c ;
+ coeff[3] = a*d ;
+ coeff[4] = b*b ;
+ coeff[5] = b*c ;
+ coeff[6] = b*d ;
+ coeff[7] = c*c ;
+ coeff[8] = c*d ;
+ coeff[9] = d*d ;
+
+ double area_p0p1p2 = std::sqrt(squared_area(p0,p1,p2));
+ for(auto& x : coeff)
+ x*= area_p0p1p2;
+ }
+
+
+ inline double squared_area(const Point& p0,const Point& p1,const Point& p2) {
+ //if (x1,x2,x3) = p1-p0 and (y1,y2,y3) = p2-p0
+ //then the squared area is = (u^2+v^2+w^2)/4
+ //with: u = x2 * y3 - x3 * y2;
+ // v = x3 * y1 - x1 * y3;
+ // w = x1 * y2 - x2 * y1;
+ Point p0p1(p1-p0);
+ Point p0p2(p2-p0);
+ double A = p0p1[1] * p0p2[2] - p0p1[2] * p0p2[1];
+ double B = p0p1[2] * p0p2[0] - p0p1[0] * p0p2[2];
+ double C = p0p1[0] * p0p2[1] - p0p1[1] * p0p2[0];
+ return 1./4. * (A*A+B*B+C*C);
+ }
+
+
+ void clear(){
+ for(auto& x:coeff)
+ x=0;
+ }
+
+ Error_quadric& operator+=(const Error_quadric& other){
+ if(this!=&other)
+ for(int i = 0 ; i < 10; ++i)
+ coeff[i] += other.coeff[i];
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * @return The quadric quost defined by the scalar product v^T Q v where Q is the quadratic form of Garland/Heckbert
+ */
+ inline double cost(const Point& point) const{
+ double cost =
+ coeff[0]*point.x()*point.x()+coeff[4]*point.y()*point.y()+coeff[7]*point.z()*point.z()
+ +2*(coeff[1]*point.x()*point.y()+coeff[5]*point.y()*point.z()+coeff[2]*point.z()*point.x())
+ +2*(coeff[3]*point.x()+coeff[6]*point.y()+coeff[8]*point.z())
+ +coeff[9];
+ if(cost<0) return 0;
+ else {
+ return cost;
+ }
+ }
+
+ inline double grad_determinant() const{
+ return
+ coeff[0] * coeff[4] * coeff[7]
+ - coeff[0] * coeff[5] * coeff[5]
+ - coeff[1] * coeff[1] * coeff[7]
+ +2*coeff[1] * coeff[5] * coeff[2]
+ - coeff[4] * coeff[2] * coeff[2];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Return the point such that it minimizes the gradient of the quadric.
+ * Det must be passed with the determinant value of the gradient (should be non zero).
+ */
+ inline Point solve_linear_gradient(double det = grad_determinant()) const{
+ return Point(
+ (-coeff[1]*coeff[5]*coeff[8]+coeff[1]*coeff[7]*coeff[6]+coeff[2]*coeff[8]*coeff[4]-coeff[2]*coeff[5]*coeff[6]-coeff[3]*coeff[4]*coeff[7]+coeff[3]*coeff[5]*coeff[5])/ det,
+ (coeff[0]*coeff[5]*coeff[8]-coeff[0]*coeff[7]*coeff[6]-coeff[5]*coeff[2]*coeff[3]-coeff[1]*coeff[2]*coeff[8]+coeff[6]*coeff[2]*coeff[2]+coeff[1]*coeff[3]*coeff[7])/det,
+ (-coeff[8]*coeff[0]*coeff[4]+coeff[8]*coeff[1]*coeff[1]+coeff[2]*coeff[3]*coeff[4]+coeff[5]*coeff[0]*coeff[6]-coeff[5]*coeff[1]*coeff[3]-coeff[1]*coeff[2]*coeff[6])/det
+ );
+ }
+
+
+ /**
+ * returns the point that minimizes the quadric.
+ * It inverses the quadric if its determinant is higher that a given threshold .
+ * If the determinant is lower than this value the returned value is uninitialized.
+ */
+ boost::optional<Point> min_cost(double scale=1) const{
+ // const double min_determinant = 1e-4 * scale*scale;
+ const double min_determinant = 1e-5;
+ boost::optional<Point> pt_res;
+ double det = grad_determinant();
+ if (std::abs(det)>min_determinant)
+ pt_res = solve_linear_gradient(det);
+ return pt_res;
+ }
+
+ friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& stream, const Error_quadric& quadric) {
+ stream << "\n[ "<<quadric.coeff[0]<<","<<quadric.coeff[1]<<","<<quadric.coeff[2]<<","<<quadric.coeff[3]<<";\n";
+ stream << " "<<quadric.coeff[1]<<","<<quadric.coeff[4]<<","<<quadric.coeff[5]<<","<<quadric.coeff[6]<<";\n";
+ stream << " "<<quadric.coeff[2]<<","<<quadric.coeff[5]<<","<<quadric.coeff[7]<<","<<quadric.coeff[8]<<";\n";
+ stream << " "<<quadric.coeff[3]<<","<<quadric.coeff[6]<<","<<quadric.coeff[8]<<","<<quadric.coeff[9]<<"]";
+ return stream;
+ }
+
+
+};
+
+
+
+
+#endif /* ERROR_QUADRIC_H_ */
+