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+
+
+.. _sphx_glr_auto_examples_plot_gromov.py:
+
+
+==========================
+Gromov-Wasserstein example
+==========================
+
+This example is designed to show how to use the Gromov-Wassertsein distance
+computation in POT.
+
+
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+
+ # Author: Erwan Vautier <erwan.vautier@gmail.com>
+ # Nicolas Courty <ncourty@irisa.fr>
+ #
+ # License: MIT License
+
+ import scipy as sp
+ import numpy as np
+ import matplotlib.pylab as pl
+ from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D # noqa
+ import ot
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Sample two Gaussian distributions (2D and 3D)
+---------------------------------------------
+
+The Gromov-Wasserstein distance allows to compute distances with samples that
+do not belong to the same metric space. For demonstration purpose, we sample
+two Gaussian distributions in 2- and 3-dimensional spaces.
+
+
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+
+
+ n_samples = 30 # nb samples
+
+ mu_s = np.array([0, 0])
+ cov_s = np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1]])
+
+ mu_t = np.array([4, 4, 4])
+ cov_t = np.array([[1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 1]])
+
+
+ xs = ot.datasets.make_2D_samples_gauss(n_samples, mu_s, cov_s)
+ P = sp.linalg.sqrtm(cov_t)
+ xt = np.random.randn(n_samples, 3).dot(P) + mu_t
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Plotting the distributions
+--------------------------
+
+
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+
+
+ fig = pl.figure()
+ ax1 = fig.add_subplot(121)
+ ax1.plot(xs[:, 0], xs[:, 1], '+b', label='Source samples')
+ ax2 = fig.add_subplot(122, projection='3d')
+ ax2.scatter(xt[:, 0], xt[:, 1], xt[:, 2], color='r')
+ pl.show()
+
+
+
+
+.. image:: /auto_examples/images/sphx_glr_plot_gromov_001.png
+ :align: center
+
+
+
+
+Compute distance kernels, normalize them and then display
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+
+
+ C1 = sp.spatial.distance.cdist(xs, xs)
+ C2 = sp.spatial.distance.cdist(xt, xt)
+
+ C1 /= C1.max()
+ C2 /= C2.max()
+
+ pl.figure()
+ pl.subplot(121)
+ pl.imshow(C1)
+ pl.subplot(122)
+ pl.imshow(C2)
+ pl.show()
+
+
+
+
+.. image:: /auto_examples/images/sphx_glr_plot_gromov_002.png
+ :align: center
+
+
+
+
+Compute Gromov-Wasserstein plans and distance
+---------------------------------------------
+
+
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+
+ p = ot.unif(n_samples)
+ q = ot.unif(n_samples)
+
+ gw0, log0 = ot.gromov.gromov_wasserstein(
+ C1, C2, p, q, 'square_loss', verbose=True, log=True)
+
+ gw, log = ot.gromov.entropic_gromov_wasserstein(
+ C1, C2, p, q, 'square_loss', epsilon=5e-4, log=True, verbose=True)
+
+
+ print('Gromov-Wasserstein distances: ' + str(log0['gw_dist']))
+ print('Entropic Gromov-Wasserstein distances: ' + str(log['gw_dist']))
+
+
+ pl.figure(1, (10, 5))
+
+ pl.subplot(1, 2, 1)
+ pl.imshow(gw0, cmap='jet')
+ pl.title('Gromov Wasserstein')
+
+ pl.subplot(1, 2, 2)
+ pl.imshow(gw, cmap='jet')
+ pl.title('Entropic Gromov Wasserstein')
+
+ pl.show()
+
+
+
+.. image:: /auto_examples/images/sphx_glr_plot_gromov_003.png
+ :align: center
+
+
+.. rst-class:: sphx-glr-script-out
+
+ Out::
+
+ It. |Loss |Delta loss
+ --------------------------------
+ 0|4.328711e-02|0.000000e+00
+ 1|2.281369e-02|-8.974178e-01
+ 2|1.843659e-02|-2.374139e-01
+ 3|1.602820e-02|-1.502598e-01
+ 4|1.353712e-02|-1.840179e-01
+ 5|1.285687e-02|-5.290977e-02
+ 6|1.284537e-02|-8.952931e-04
+ 7|1.284525e-02|-8.989584e-06
+ 8|1.284525e-02|-8.989950e-08
+ 9|1.284525e-02|-8.989949e-10
+ It. |Err
+ -------------------
+ 0|7.263293e-02|
+ 10|1.737784e-02|
+ 20|7.783978e-03|
+ 30|3.399419e-07|
+ 40|3.751207e-11|
+ Gromov-Wasserstein distances: 0.012845252089244688
+ Entropic Gromov-Wasserstein distances: 0.013543882352191079
+
+
+**Total running time of the script:** ( 0 minutes 1.916 seconds)
+
+
+
+.. only :: html
+
+ .. container:: sphx-glr-footer
+
+
+ .. container:: sphx-glr-download
+
+ :download:`Download Python source code: plot_gromov.py <plot_gromov.py>`
+
+
+
+ .. container:: sphx-glr-download
+
+ :download:`Download Jupyter notebook: plot_gromov.ipynb <plot_gromov.ipynb>`
+
+
+.. only:: html
+
+ .. rst-class:: sphx-glr-signature
+
+ `Gallery generated by Sphinx-Gallery <https://sphinx-gallery.readthedocs.io>`_