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-/* This file is part of the Gudhi Library. The Gudhi library
- * (Geometric Understanding in Higher Dimensions) is a generic C++
- * library for computational topology.
- *
- * Author(s): Vincent Rouvreau
- *
- * Copyright (C) 2015 INRIA Saclay (France)
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
- */
-
-#ifndef ALPHA_COMPLEX_H_
-#define ALPHA_COMPLEX_H_
-
-// to construct a simplex_tree from Delaunay_triangulation
-#include <gudhi/graph_simplicial_complex.h>
-#include <gudhi/Simplex_tree.h>
-#include <gudhi/Debug_utils.h>
-// to construct Alpha_complex from a OFF file of points
-#include <gudhi/Points_off_io.h>
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <math.h> // isnan, fmax
-
-#include <CGAL/Delaunay_triangulation.h>
-#include <CGAL/Epick_d.h>
-#include <CGAL/Spatial_sort_traits_adapter_d.h>
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <vector>
-#include <string>
-#include <limits> // NaN
-#include <map>
-#include <utility> // std::pair
-#include <stdexcept>
-#include <numeric> // for std::iota
-
-namespace Gudhi {
-
-namespace alphacomplex {
-
-/**
- * \class Alpha_complex Alpha_complex.h gudhi/Alpha_complex.h
- * \brief Alpha complex data structure.
- *
- * \ingroup alpha_complex
- *
- * \details
- * The data structure can be constructed from a CGAL Delaunay triangulation (for more informations on CGAL Delaunay
- * triangulation, please refer to the corresponding chapter in page http://doc.cgal.org/latest/Triangulation/) or from
- * an OFF file (cf. Points_off_reader).
- *
- * Please refer to \ref alpha_complex for examples.
- *
- * The complex is a template class requiring an Epick_d <a target="_blank"
- * href="http://doc.cgal.org/latest/Kernel_d/index.html#Chapter_dD_Geometry_Kernel">dD Geometry Kernel</a>
- * \cite cgal:s-gkd-15b from CGAL as template, default value is <a target="_blank"
- * href="http://doc.cgal.org/latest/Kernel_d/classCGAL_1_1Epick__d.html">CGAL::Epick_d</a>
- * < <a target="_blank" href="http://doc.cgal.org/latest/Kernel_23/classCGAL_1_1Dynamic__dimension__tag.html">
- * CGAL::Dynamic_dimension_tag </a> >
- *
- * \remark When Alpha_complex is constructed with an infinite value of alpha, the complex is a Delaunay complex.
- *
- */
-template<class Kernel = CGAL::Epick_d<CGAL::Dynamic_dimension_tag>>
-class Alpha_complex : public Simplex_tree<> {
- public:
- // Add an int in TDS to save point index in the structure
- typedef CGAL::Triangulation_data_structure<typename Kernel::Dimension,
- CGAL::Triangulation_vertex<Kernel, std::ptrdiff_t>,
- CGAL::Triangulation_full_cell<Kernel> > TDS;
- /** \brief A Delaunay triangulation of a set of points in \f$ \mathbb{R}^D\f$.*/
- typedef CGAL::Delaunay_triangulation<Kernel, TDS> Delaunay_triangulation;
-
- /** \brief A point in Euclidean space.*/
- typedef typename Kernel::Point_d Point_d;
- /** \brief Geometric traits class that provides the geometric types and predicates needed by Delaunay
- * triangulations.*/
- typedef Kernel Geom_traits;
-
- private:
- // From Simplex_tree
- // Type required to insert into a simplex_tree (with or without subfaces).
- typedef std::vector<Vertex_handle> Vector_vertex;
-
- // Simplex_result is the type returned from simplex_tree insert function.
- typedef typename std::pair<Simplex_handle, bool> Simplex_result;
-
- typedef typename Kernel::Compute_squared_radius_d Squared_Radius;
- typedef typename Kernel::Side_of_bounded_sphere_d Is_Gabriel;
- typedef typename Kernel::Point_dimension_d Point_Dimension;
-
- // Type required to compute squared radius, or side of bounded sphere on a vector of points.
- typedef typename std::vector<Point_d> Vector_of_CGAL_points;
-
- // Vertex_iterator type from CGAL.
- typedef typename Delaunay_triangulation::Vertex_iterator CGAL_vertex_iterator;
-
- // size_type type from CGAL.
- typedef typename Delaunay_triangulation::size_type size_type;
-
- // Map type to switch from simplex tree vertex handle to CGAL vertex iterator.
- typedef typename std::map< Vertex_handle, CGAL_vertex_iterator > Vector_vertex_iterator;
-
- private:
- /** \brief Vertex iterator vector to switch from simplex tree vertex handle to CGAL vertex iterator.
- * Vertex handles are inserted sequentially, starting at 0.*/
- Vector_vertex_iterator vertex_handle_to_iterator_;
- /** \brief Pointer on the CGAL Delaunay triangulation.*/
- Delaunay_triangulation* triangulation_;
- /** \brief Kernel for triangulation_ functions access.*/
- Kernel kernel_;
-
- public:
- /** \brief Alpha_complex constructor from an OFF file name.
- * Uses the Delaunay_triangulation_off_reader to construct the Delaunay triangulation required to initialize
- * the Alpha_complex.
- *
- * Duplicate points are inserted once in the Alpha_complex. This is the reason why the vertices may be not contiguous.
- *
- * @param[in] off_file_name OFF file [path and] name.
- * @param[in] max_alpha_square maximum for alpha square value. Default value is +\f$\infty\f$.
- */
- Alpha_complex(const std::string& off_file_name,
- Filtration_value max_alpha_square = std::numeric_limits<Filtration_value>::infinity())
- : triangulation_(nullptr) {
- Gudhi::Points_off_reader<Point_d> off_reader(off_file_name);
- if (!off_reader.is_valid()) {
- std::cerr << "Alpha_complex - Unable to read file " << off_file_name << "\n";
- exit(-1); // ----- >>
- }
-
- init_from_range(off_reader.get_point_cloud(), max_alpha_square);
- }
-
- /** \brief Alpha_complex constructor from a list of points.
- *
- * Duplicate points are inserted once in the Alpha_complex. This is the reason why the vertices may be not contiguous.
- *
- * @param[in] points Range of points to triangulate. Points must be in Kernel::Point_d
- * @param[in] max_alpha_square maximum for alpha square value. Default value is +\f$\infty\f$.
- *
- * The type InputPointRange must be a range for which std::begin and
- * std::end return input iterators on a Kernel::Point_d.
- *
- * @post Compare num_simplices with InputPointRange points number (not the same in case of duplicate points).
- */
- template<typename InputPointRange >
- Alpha_complex(const InputPointRange& points,
- Filtration_value max_alpha_square = std::numeric_limits<Filtration_value>::infinity())
- : triangulation_(nullptr) {
- init_from_range(points, max_alpha_square);
- }
-
- /** \brief Alpha_complex destructor.
- *
- * @warning Deletes the Delaunay triangulation.
- */
- ~Alpha_complex() {
- delete triangulation_;
- }
-
- // Forbid copy/move constructor/assignment operator
- Alpha_complex(const Alpha_complex& other) = delete;
- Alpha_complex& operator= (const Alpha_complex& other) = delete;
- Alpha_complex (Alpha_complex&& other) = delete;
- Alpha_complex& operator= (Alpha_complex&& other) = delete;
-
- /** \brief get_point returns the point corresponding to the vertex given as parameter.
- *
- * @param[in] vertex Vertex handle of the point to retrieve.
- * @return The point found.
- * @exception std::out_of_range In case vertex is not found (cf. std::vector::at).
- */
- Point_d get_point(Vertex_handle vertex) const {
- return vertex_handle_to_iterator_.at(vertex)->point();
- }
-
- private:
- template<typename InputPointRange >
- void init_from_range(const InputPointRange& points, Filtration_value max_alpha_square) {
- auto first = std::begin(points);
- auto last = std::end(points);
- if (first != last) {
- // point_dimension function initialization
- Point_Dimension point_dimension = kernel_.point_dimension_d_object();
-
- // Delaunay triangulation is point dimension.
- triangulation_ = new Delaunay_triangulation(point_dimension(*first));
-
- std::vector<Point_d> points(first, last);
-
- // Creates a vector {0, 1, ..., N-1}
- std::vector<std::ptrdiff_t> indices(boost::counting_iterator<std::ptrdiff_t>(0),
- boost::counting_iterator<std::ptrdiff_t>(points.size()));
-
- // Sort indices considering CGAL spatial sort
- typedef CGAL::Spatial_sort_traits_adapter_d<Kernel, Point_d*> Search_traits_d;
- spatial_sort(indices.begin(), indices.end(), Search_traits_d(&(points[0])));
-
- typename Delaunay_triangulation::Full_cell_handle hint;
- for (auto index : indices) {
- typename Delaunay_triangulation::Vertex_handle pos = triangulation_->insert(points[index], hint);
- // Save index value as data to retrieve it after insertion
- pos->data() = index;
- hint = pos->full_cell();
- }
- init(max_alpha_square);
- }
- }
-
- /** \brief Initialize the Alpha_complex from the Delaunay triangulation.
- *
- * @param[in] max_alpha_square maximum for alpha square value.
- *
- * @warning Delaunay triangulation must be already constructed with at least one vertex and dimension must be more
- * than 0.
- *
- * Initialization can be launched once.
- */
- void init(Filtration_value max_alpha_square) {
- if (triangulation_ == nullptr) {
- std::cerr << "Alpha_complex init - Cannot init from a NULL triangulation\n";
- return; // ----- >>
- }
- if (triangulation_->number_of_vertices() < 1) {
- std::cerr << "Alpha_complex init - Cannot init from a triangulation without vertices\n";
- return; // ----- >>
- }
- if (triangulation_->maximal_dimension() < 1) {
- std::cerr << "Alpha_complex init - Cannot init from a zero-dimension triangulation\n";
- return; // ----- >>
- }
- if (num_vertices() > 0) {
- std::cerr << "Alpha_complex init - Cannot init twice\n";
- return; // ----- >>
- }
-
- set_dimension(triangulation_->maximal_dimension());
-
- // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // double map to retrieve simplex tree vertex handles from CGAL vertex iterator and vice versa
- // Loop on triangulation vertices list
- for (CGAL_vertex_iterator vit = triangulation_->vertices_begin(); vit != triangulation_->vertices_end(); ++vit) {
- if (!triangulation_->is_infinite(*vit)) {
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << "Vertex insertion - " << vit->data() << " -> " << vit->point() << std::endl;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- vertex_handle_to_iterator_.emplace(vit->data(), vit);
- }
- }
- // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Simplex_tree construction from loop on triangulation finite full cells list
- for (auto cit = triangulation_->finite_full_cells_begin(); cit != triangulation_->finite_full_cells_end(); ++cit) {
- Vector_vertex vertexVector;
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << "Simplex_tree insertion ";
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- for (auto vit = cit->vertices_begin(); vit != cit->vertices_end(); ++vit) {
- if (*vit != nullptr) {
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << " " << (*vit)->data();
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- // Vector of vertex construction for simplex_tree structure
- vertexVector.push_back((*vit)->data());
- }
- }
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << std::endl;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- // Insert each simplex and its subfaces in the simplex tree - filtration is NaN
- insert_simplex_and_subfaces(vertexVector, std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
- }
- // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Will be re-used many times
- Vector_of_CGAL_points pointVector;
- // ### For i : d -> 0
- for (int decr_dim = dimension(); decr_dim >= 0; decr_dim--) {
- // ### Foreach Sigma of dim i
- for (auto f_simplex : skeleton_simplex_range(decr_dim)) {
- int f_simplex_dim = dimension(f_simplex);
- if (decr_dim == f_simplex_dim) {
- pointVector.clear();
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << "Sigma of dim " << decr_dim << " is";
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- for (auto vertex : simplex_vertex_range(f_simplex)) {
- pointVector.push_back(get_point(vertex));
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << " " << vertex;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- }
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << std::endl;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- // ### If filt(Sigma) is NaN : filt(Sigma) = alpha(Sigma)
- if (isnan(filtration(f_simplex))) {
- Filtration_value alpha_complex_filtration = 0.0;
- // No need to compute squared_radius on a single point - alpha is 0.0
- if (f_simplex_dim > 0) {
- // squared_radius function initialization
- Squared_Radius squared_radius = kernel_.compute_squared_radius_d_object();
-
- alpha_complex_filtration = squared_radius(pointVector.begin(), pointVector.end());
- }
- assign_filtration(f_simplex, alpha_complex_filtration);
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << "filt(Sigma) is NaN : filt(Sigma) =" << filtration(f_simplex) << std::endl;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- }
- propagate_alpha_filtration(f_simplex, decr_dim);
- }
- }
- }
- // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- // As Alpha value is an approximation, we have to make filtration non decreasing while increasing the dimension
- bool modified_filt = make_filtration_non_decreasing();
- // Remove all simplices that have a filtration value greater than max_alpha_square
- // Remark: prune_above_filtration does not require initialize_filtration to be done before.
- modified_filt |= prune_above_filtration(max_alpha_square);
- if (modified_filt) {
- initialize_filtration();
- }
- // --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- }
-
- template<typename Simplex_handle>
- void propagate_alpha_filtration(Simplex_handle f_simplex, int decr_dim) {
- // ### Foreach Tau face of Sigma
- for (auto f_boundary : boundary_simplex_range(f_simplex)) {
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << " | --------------------------------------------------\n";
- std::cout << " | Tau ";
- for (auto vertex : simplex_vertex_range(f_boundary)) {
- std::cout << vertex << " ";
- }
- std::cout << "is a face of Sigma\n";
- std::cout << " | isnan(filtration(Tau)=" << isnan(filtration(f_boundary)) << std::endl;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- // ### If filt(Tau) is not NaN
- if (!isnan(filtration(f_boundary))) {
- // ### filt(Tau) = fmin(filt(Tau), filt(Sigma))
- Filtration_value alpha_complex_filtration = fmin(filtration(f_boundary), filtration(f_simplex));
- assign_filtration(f_boundary, alpha_complex_filtration);
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << " | filt(Tau) = fmin(filt(Tau), filt(Sigma)) = " << filtration(f_boundary) << std::endl;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- // ### Else
- } else {
- // No need to compute is_gabriel for dimension <= 2
- // i.e. : Sigma = (3,1) => Tau = 1
- if (decr_dim > 1) {
- // insert the Tau points in a vector for is_gabriel function
- Vector_of_CGAL_points pointVector;
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- Vertex_handle vertexForGabriel = Vertex_handle();
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- for (auto vertex : simplex_vertex_range(f_boundary)) {
- pointVector.push_back(get_point(vertex));
- }
- // Retrieve the Sigma point that is not part of Tau - parameter for is_gabriel function
- Point_d point_for_gabriel;
- for (auto vertex : simplex_vertex_range(f_simplex)) {
- point_for_gabriel = get_point(vertex);
- if (std::find(pointVector.begin(), pointVector.end(), point_for_gabriel) == pointVector.end()) {
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- // vertex is not found in Tau
- vertexForGabriel = vertex;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- // No need to continue loop
- break;
- }
- }
- // is_gabriel function initialization
- Is_Gabriel is_gabriel = kernel_.side_of_bounded_sphere_d_object();
- bool is_gab = is_gabriel(pointVector.begin(), pointVector.end(), point_for_gabriel)
- != CGAL::ON_BOUNDED_SIDE;
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << " | Tau is_gabriel(Sigma)=" << is_gab << " - vertexForGabriel=" << vertexForGabriel << std::endl;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- // ### If Tau is not Gabriel of Sigma
- if (false == is_gab) {
- // ### filt(Tau) = filt(Sigma)
- Filtration_value alpha_complex_filtration = filtration(f_simplex);
- assign_filtration(f_boundary, alpha_complex_filtration);
-#ifdef DEBUG_TRACES
- std::cout << " | filt(Tau) = filt(Sigma) = " << filtration(f_boundary) << std::endl;
-#endif // DEBUG_TRACES
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
-};
-
-} // namespace alphacomplex
-
-} // namespace Gudhi
-
-#endif // ALPHA_COMPLEX_H_